Imagine stepping into a classroom where you don't fully understand the language being spoken. For many second language learners, this scenario is a daily reality. They often face unique challenges that require tailored strategies to make sure they’re successful. 

The number of English language learners worldwide alone is 1.5 billion (to say nothing of students learning other languages as a second language!)- and the number is growing by the day. Although English is the most commonly learned language, other popular choices are Mandarin Chinese, Spanish (the second most common after English), French, Japanese, Arabic, and German.

It’s not just about succeeding in the classroom, either. While many students learn another language as a matter of necessity - to get good grades or get by in their day to day lives - countless others are finding that it helps in all walks of life.

And there’s lots you can do to help. Learning a new language is great for kids’ self esteem, with a study by Rosetta Stone showing that 89% of language learners reported increased self-confidence as a result.

In this post, we'll explore 12 practical and effective strategies for supporting second language learners in any classroom.

 

12 Strategies for Supporting Second Language Learners

Supporting second language learners in the classroom can be a rewarding - yet challenging - task for educators.

These students bring diverse cultural perspectives and rich linguistic backgrounds that can enrich the learning environment - but they need the right kind of support in order to do so.

 

1. Watch How You Speak

Being mindful of your speech is crucial when teaching second language learners. Start by taking a few pauses between sentences to give students time to process information.

Rephrasing idiomatic expressions can also help. For instance, instead of saying "break the ice," you might say "make everyone feel comfortable."

Clarifying cultural allusions is equally important. Explain references that might not be familiar to students from different backgrounds, like historical events or popular TV shows.

 

2. Be Clear About Your Expectations and Rules

Consistency is key. When a student turns in unsatisfactory work or submits an assignment late, apply your usual policies and explain the reasons. You need to make sure that all students understand that rules apply equally to everyone.

If you notice signs of plagiarism, such as sentences with varying levels of academic English, address them directly. For exams, discourage the use of electronic translators.

Instead, encourage students to ask questions if they don't understand exam words or concepts.

 

3. Rethink Your Questioning

Rethinking how you ask questions can make a big difference. Ask questions in a few different ways to check for understanding.

For example, if you ask, "What is the main idea of this paragraph?" you might rephrase it as, "Can you tell me the most important point in this section?"

Similarly, encourage volunteers, but also call on students by name, giving non-native speakers time to process questions.

Pair students up to discuss answers before sharing with the class, providing additional processing time and reducing anxiety.

The ultimate takeaway here? You’ve got to mix things up! They say that variety is the spice of life, and that’s great advice when you’re considering how to tailor your instruction to English language learners.

 

4. Use Visual Aids

Visual aids, like charts, diagrams, and images, are invaluable for second language learners.

But you should also go one step further than that - print clearly and provide written information about homework and assignments. Oral quizzes should also be projected or delivered in written form to make sure the material is comprehended.

 

5. Encourage Collaboration

Encourage students to sit next to peers from different cultures rather than clustering with those from their own background.

Distribute non-native speakers among groups with native English speakers. Design group tasks that require active participation from each member. Monitor groups to make sure that all students, especially non-native speakers, are included and understood.

 

6. Consider Alternative Learning Styles

Recognize that students have different learning styles. Some may benefit from visual aids, while others may prefer hands-on activities. Incorporate a variety of teaching methods to cater to these diverse needs.

For example, use interactive whiteboards, group discussions, and practical demonstrations to engage all learners.

 

7. Think About Culture-Specific Writing and Speaking Conventions

Cultural differences can affect how students write and speak, and being aware of (and reflecting) these conventions for your teaching can be incredibly supportive.

For example, in China, students may not be accustomed to spelling out all details, while in Turkey, discussing personal experiences in class might be seen as disrespectful. Being aware of these conventions can help you better understand and support your students.

 

8. Give Extra Time

Providing extra time for assignments and tests can be a simple yet effective way to support second language learners. This allows them to process information and formulate their responses more thoroughly.

 

9. Use Rubrics

Rubrics provide clear expectations and criteria for assignments, helping students understand what is required. They also offer a consistent and fair way to grade work. Share rubrics with students before they start working on an assignment to set clear guidelines.

 

10. Provide Low-Stakes Assignments

If you want to encourage a growth mindset - and reduce anxiety of all students, including those who are native English speakers - you may want to take advantage of low-stakes assignments every now and then.

Low-stakes assignments, like group projects, can help build confidence and skills without the pressure of high grades. You can use these assignments to provide constructive feedback and encourage improvement.

 

11. Keep Discussions Focused

Keeping class discussions focused and on-topic helps second language learners follow along and participate. Use guiding questions and prompts to steer the conversation.

It’s easy to get off topic, especially when the conversation is headed in a productive direction, but these sorts of detours can be overwhelming for non-native speakers. Pause periodically to summarize key points periodically, which should help reinforce understanding.

 

12. Use Language Learning Apps

Language learning apps can be a valuable tool for second language learners. There are countless apps, like Duolingo, Babbel, and Rosetta Stone, that offer interactive and engaging ways for your ELL students to practice their blossoming language skills. Similarly, ELA programs offer an integrated approach for all students, regardless of English fluency.

Encourage students to use these apps and programs outside of class to reinforce learning and see if there are ways you can incorporate them into your teaching.

 

How about we continue this discussion? Join us at McGraw Hill on LinkedIn, Facebook and Instagram. Share your experiences, get support, and join the conversation with like-minded people. Together, we can be inspired and make a real impact in our classrooms.